Vocabulary

TLD

Top Level Domain Server

Authoritative DNS server

An authoritative DNS server is a critical component of the Domain Name System (DNS), acting as the ultimate source of information for specific domains. It holds the definitive records, like IP addresses, for those domains and provides accurate answers to DNS queries about them. Essentially, it's the "truth" for a particular set of domain names.
An authoritative DNS server is the server that is responsible for storing the DNS records for a particular domain name and where any updates to your domain name DNS records would be made.

HTTP

HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) is what's used whenever you view a website, developed by Tim Berners-Lee and his team between 1989-1991. HTTP is the set of rules used for communicating with web servers for the transmitting of webpage data, whether that is HTML, Images, Videos, etc.

HTTPS

HTTPS (HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure) is the secure version of HTTP. HTTPS data is encrypted so it not only stops people from seeing the data you are receiving and sending, but it also gives you assurances that you're talking to the correct web server and not something impersonating it.

FTP

File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a protocol designed to help the efficient transfer of files between different and even non-compatible systems. It supports two modes for file transfer: binary and ASCII (text).